SCIENCE & ARTICLES

What sparked the inception of SpermaBlock™

For decades, male contraception lagged behind. Hormonal pills for women reshaped medicine, but at the cost of metabolic, vascular and emotional side effects. Men, on the other hand, were offered little innovation.

At Naxon, our research team, composed of surgeons, biomedical engineers and reproductive-health experts, set out to change this paradigm. We designed SpermaBlock™, a reversible, device-based male contraceptive, grounded in rigorous anatomical and physiological science. Unlike hormonal or thermal approaches, SpermaBlock™ acts locally, mechanically, and reversibly, avoiding systemic hormonal disruption and preserving libido, fertility, and overall health.

The articles below summarize the evidence that inspired this breakthrough, understanding the risks of current female contraception, exploring ongoing male solutions, and reviewing vasectomy outcomes.

The science behind

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Nature Scientific Reports (2018) · 2018

Study: vasectomy had no lasting effect on sexual hormone levels or PSA; differences in quality-of-life mostly psychological; suggests counseling as part of care.

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Canadian Urological Association Journal (2024) · 2024

Review updates pain incidence (scalpel vs no-scalpel), diagnostic protocols, and stepwise interventions including possible reversal in refractory cases.

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Int J Environ Res Public Health (2020) · 2020

Meta-analysis: ~15 % of men report chronic pain post-vasectomy; 1–2 % develop severe PVPS; no-scalpel technique associated with lower incidence.

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BMC Cancer (2025) · 2025

Combines observational meta-analysis with MR approach: while associations exist, genetic data do not support causal effect => association likely non-causal.

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Prostate Cancer Prostatic Diseases (2021) · 2021

Meta-analysis of prospective cohorts suggests a small positive association (RR ~1.07), including for advanced forms; advises cautious interpretation.

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Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2020) · 2020

Danish cohort finds modest association (RR ≈1.15) between vasectomy and prostate cancer, though confounding and detection bias likely contribute.

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Reproductive Health / PMC (2025) · 2025

Congress synthesis: reviews advanced hormonal gel nearing phase IIb and modified androgens in early testing; proposes strategic roadmap for male contraception R&D.

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Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (2024) · 2024

Overview of agents in development (DMAU, 11β-MNTDC, others), plus status of the NES/T gel efficacy trial; maps hormonal & nonhormonal pipelines.

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Pharmacological Reviews (2024) · 2024

Proposal of development strategies for nonhormonal male contraception, learning from past failures and focusing on translational pathways.

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American Society / European Acad of Andrology Review (2024) · 2024

Examines emerging strategies to inhibit sperm production or function, from hormonal to nonhormonal, focusing on those in preclinical or early clinical stages.

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Basic & Clinical Andrology (2023) · 2023

Narrative review: two hormonal male contraceptive methods in phase II trials; large trial of Nestorone+Testosterone gel underway with >460 couples enrolled.

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Journal of Clinical Medicine (2025) · 2025

Review summarizing achievements, challenges and future directions in male hormonal contraception — suppression strategies, reversibility, side effect profiles.

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Contraception / Tandfonline (2024) · 2024

Evaluates how hormonal contraceptives reduce symptom severity and bleeding in women with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), with tradeoffs in side-effect profiles.

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JAMA (Feb 2025) · 2025

This work assesses VTE risk among modern hormonal contraceptives, showing that estrogen dose and progestin choice meaningfully influence the absolute and relative VTE risk.

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The BMJ (Jan 2025) · 2025

Registry analysis: slight increased risk of meningioma after >5 years continuous use of desogestrel 75 µg; no risk signal for levonorgestrel.

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The BMJ (Mar 2024) · 2024

French nationwide data: prolonged use of certain high-dose progestogens is associated with increased intracranial meningioma risk; no increased risk observed with levonorgestrel IUD.

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The BMJ (Sep 2023) · 2023

Nationwide Danish cohort: combining NSAIDs with certain hormonal contraceptives significantly raises VTE risk compared to low-risk contraceptives or none; suggests careful concomitant prescribing.

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PLOS Medicine (Mar 2023) · 2023

Case-control + meta-analysis: current/recent use of any hormonal contraceptive (combined or progestagen-only) shows ~20-30 % relative increase in breast cancer risk; absolute risk low and decreases after stopping.