Evaluates how hormonal contraceptives reduce symptom severity and bleeding in women with heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), with tradeoffs in side-effect profiles.
This work assesses VTE risk among modern hormonal contraceptives, showing that estrogen dose and progestin choice meaningfully influence the absolute and relative VTE risk.
French nationwide data: prolonged use of certain high-dose progestogens is associated with increased intracranial meningioma risk; no increased risk observed with levonorgestrel IUD.
Case-control + meta-analysis: current/recent use of any hormonal contraceptive (combined or progestagen-only) shows ~20-30 % relative increase in breast cancer risk; absolute risk low and decreases after stopping.